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Showing posts with label Recovery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Recovery. Show all posts

Friday, April 7, 2023

12:08 PM

The Effects of Detraining in Swimming II


Swimming demands physical fitness, skill, and mental fortitude, with athletes training for hours daily to better their performance. But what happens when they take a break from training? Detraining is the loss of previously attained adaptations due to decreased or no training (Mujika & Padilla, 2000). 

Commonly a four-week hiatus is allowed for top swimmers to go through detraining-related studies (Mujika & Padilla, 2000). Detraining can lead to a decrease in swimming performance, energetics and kinematics. 

A research study by Zacca et al. (2019) looked at 400-m front crawl performance related to four weeks of reduced training in age-group swimmers (14-15 years old). It was found that performance dropped by 3.8%, mainly as a result of decreased stroke rate, an uptick in peak blood lactate concentrations, and limited non-swimming specific physical activities during the off-season. The authors suggested that age group swimmers remain physically active while on their break time. Other studies have found similar results with elite male athletes with 200 yards freestyle time increasing by 3.6% after 4 weeks without training (Costill et al., 1985) and VO2 max declining by 8% after reducing training to just one session per week (Neufer et al., 1987). 

Even body composition can be impacted: Almeras et al.’s study revealed that elite female swimmers gained 4.8 kg of body weight and 4 kg of body fat after two months without any training period. This type of change may not be ideal for good swimming performance as increased fat can cause drag and effects the buoyancy in the water.

To summarize, detraining has negative impacts on swimming performance, energetics and kinematics and should be avoided or at least minimized whilst keeping some level of physical activity during off-season times.


References

- Almeras N., Lemieux S., Bouchard C., Tremblay A., Despres J.P., Theriault G., Allard C., Leblanc C., & J-P Thibault M.C. (1997). Impact of a 2-month swimming cessation on diet and body composition in elite female swimmers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 29(5), S113.

- Costill D.L., Thomas R., Robergs R.A., Pascoe D., Lambert C., Barr S., & Fink W.J. (1985). Adaptations to swimming training: influence of training volume. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 17(3), 371-377.

- Mujika I., & Padilla S. (2000). Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I: short term insufficient training stimulus. Sports Medicine , 30(2), 79-87.

- Neufer P.D., Costill D.L., Fielding R.A., Flynn M.G., & Kirwan J.P. (1987). Effect of reduced training on muscular strength and endurance in competitive swimmers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 19(5), 486-490.

- Zacca R., Toubekis A., Freitas L., Silva A.F., Azevedo R., Vilas-Boas J.P., Pyne D.B., Castro F.A.D.S., & Fernandes R.J. (2019). Effects of detraining in age-group swimmers performance, energetics and kinematics. Journal of Sports Sciences , 37(13), 1490-1498.

 

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

11:12 AM

The Effect of Detaining on Swimmers


After five months of intense training, a study of eight male swimmers was conducted within four weeks of no training. The performance time was not affected. However, the losses in training aspects during that period were:

  • Muscle glycogen decreased from 153 to 93 mm / kg;
  • High blood lactate level from 4.2 mm / l to 9.7 mm / l. After swimming 200 yards, 90% of the best time
After only one week, a decrease in the oxidative potential of swimmers' muscles and a greater disturbance of acid-base balance in the blood after swimming is observed. The study also showed that complete conditioning may be completely lost within six to eight weeks after stopping training. What has been gained from conditioning in 5 months can be lost in a period of 6 to 8 weeks, and factors of loss of adaptation appear in the first week to 4 weeks, which is a short period.

Thursday, June 14, 2018

9:13 PM

The Effect of Cold Water Immersion On Recovery



Today we will talk about the CWI (cold water immersion) therapy recently it becomes one of the popular recovery protocol in swimming field. Before I talked more about the CWI let me give a small introduction about the recovery.

 Recovery is one of the most important things in training, it used to minimize the risk of overtraining, injuries and it boost the enhancement process for the muscles tissues. And it becomes so important during the hard training or competition to sustain an optimal state of performance (Mair SD, Seaber AV, Glisson RR, Garrett WE 1996).

Consequently, we came up with many recovery protocols like massage therapy, foam rolling, compression garments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, electrical stimulation, whole-body vibration and water immersion therapy (including: cold water, warm water, and contrast bathing).

When I planned to write in this topic I found out many mixing opinions and studies about the effect of CWI therapy for recovery in general and more specific studies about swimming, in my opinion, we need more specific studies in this topic to proof the effect of CWI therapy.

Cold water immersion (CWI), otherwise known as ice-baths, plunges pools and cold water therapy is a recovery process involving the immersion of the body into cold water (≤15˚C/59˚F) immediately after exercise in an attempt to enhance the recovery process (Bleakley, C., McDonough, S., Gardner, E., Baxter, G.D., Hopkins, J.T., & Davison, G.W. 2012).

In a study for Hohenauer E, Taeymans J, Baeyens J-P, Clarys P, Clijsen R (2015) on The Effect of Post-Exercise Cryotherapy on Recovery, in this study they test the effectiveness of CWI by measuring different factors: